IL PAESE DI BANFIELD
domenica 02/01/2010
altra italia
Nel centro della Basilicata dove il politologo americano si trasferì per studiare una società arretrata ed elaborò il concetto di «familismo amorale». 64 anni dopo, i cittadini non si riconoscono in quell’immagine: «Dovremmo essere ricchi, ma viviamo la disoccupazione»
Romina Rosolia
CHIAROMONTE (POTENZA) - Lungo le strade di Chiaromonte, in Basilicata, non si incontrano più i carrettini, né gli asini fotografati nel 1954 dal politologo americano Eduard Banfield, per descrivere quella che, nella sua immaginazione letteraria, chiamòMontegrano. Che cosa lo spinse ad inventare questo nome sta, forse, negli scatti fotografici che lui stesso realizzò e pubblicò nel suo libro “Le basi morali di una società arretrata”.
Aveva lamacchina fotografica sempre con sé, Banfield. Riprendeva le persone ai matrimoni, per le strade ma soprattutto a lavoro. Così fece un giorno. Immortalò in uno scatto decine di chiaromontesi mentre erano nei campi a mietere il grano. E, forse, tutto ebbe inizio from there. Maperché across the ocean, going into the poverty of southern Italy between the '53 and '54, moved with his wife and children in a small village just over 100 km from Potenza, without having, among other things, or comfort, no toilet in the house? He wanted to study and understand the workings of a patriarchal family and its effects in socialization. Banfield argued the importance of trust and cooperative culture as a condition of development. Wait, who said not to be resolved between the Chiaromontesi and did not hesitate to tell in his book. Here in Basilicata Banfield conceived the concept of 'amoral familism' and that will in Chiaromonte somewhat famous because it still attracts the interest of Italian and foreign university students, journalists and the curious who come here to ask for Banfield. Amoral familism, an original expression that, still, it should be close to Chiaromontesi who have known, talked about, discussed, hosted the American political scientist as one of them.
Among the many introductions to the book "The moral basis of a backward society," is that of sociologist Arnaldo Bagnasco, who writes: "To become a Banfield Montegrano Case Studies, one of those case studies that allow us to see depth in many aspects of social organization linked to each other. Banfield has studied a community allora arretrata, tra le più povere del Mezzogiorno, dove individua solo ventisei famiglie di benestanti e ha scritto un libro coniando una formula, un concetto sociologico, antropologico usato oggi anche per descrivere più ampiamente dei modi di fare politica». Lo utilizza in questo senso il giornalista di Repubblica Antonello Caporale. Se ne è
occupato come coordinatore dell’osservatorio sul post sisma dell’80 in Irpinia, in collaborazione con il museo “Mida” di Pertosa, nel salernitano, in una serie di incontri su “Sud, familismo amorale e civile”. Il concetto di familismo amorale in politica esprime la diffusa convinzione che qualunque sia il gruppo al potere, esso è corrotto e agisce nel interest. Consequently, the attitude of the electorate is that of one who pays for half of the vote, for benefits already received or promised benefits.
unacceptable blackmail. Just as unacceptable is for the Chiaromontesi today, the negative image of their way of being that emerges from the book by Banfield. At the time, got angry, and not a little, the community leaders who read the book after receiving the odd couple of scholars, and his wife Laura Fasano Banfield.
But what remains of the view from Chiaromonte Banfield? Little or nothing. At that time the inhabitants were even more than today: 3,400 to 2,000 against the current, sixty-four years after the stay Basilicata in the American political scientist is the house that welcomed him but little, very little of the cultural and social theories sull'arretratezza Chiaromontesi. He has no doubt the mayor, Antonio Vozzi, but also the historian and English teacher, friend, neighbor Banfield, Joseph peaches, which the American scholar, who died in 1999, knows its strengths and weaknesses but also anecdotes. Starting from the informal conversations I had with Mr and Mrs Banfield after the publication of the book. Banfield has returned for the second and last time in 1989 in Chiaromonte. 'I told Laura that the devil is not the covers, "says peaches.
"Because a part of the book have missed the name of Chiaromonte, citato nel discorso del sindaco. Quando glielo dissi scoppiò a ridere. Solo lei perché lui, Banfield, non conosceva una sola parola di italiano». Rispetto al passato Chiaromonte non vive più di sola agricoltura, soprattutto dopo il 1969 quando più del 30% della popolazione emigrò al Nord e nell’America del Sud.
«Soffriamo, certo, di questa nostra posizione che sembra bellissima ma che in realtà ci penalizza. Viviamo la disoccupazione, sia intellettuale che manuale», dice il sindaco, titolare di una delle più estese agenzie assicurative della zona e che in parte è riuscito ad avere la sua piccola rivincita. «Io sono figli di contadini», racconta. «Ero classificato cittadino di serie B. Lived in the country squires. Then, I was first elected as a Senator of the PSI in the 90s, but above all I did for thirty years, the mayor here in Chiaromonte and still are. "
Chiaromonte expresses perfectly the image contained in the name. A village perched on a hill with exposed rock white. It was the seat, until the nineties, the Lieutenancy of the policemen went on a rampage until popular protests and strikes, with the mayor in the front row to act as human shields in front of the police. Strikes, however, do not have the desired effect.
Now, in the office building, the headquarters of the municipality and the Justice of the Peace. "We should be rich," says the mayor. "We find ourselves between the Val D'Agri, where we are the largest oilfields in continental Europe that so-called" Southern California ", ilMetaponto, which grow kiwi, strawberries and vegetables exported to Europe and the Dam Senise, in practice the tank water in Apulia. Yet we live many contradictions. Despite these resources are among the regions 'poor' in Italy. " Chiaromonte, a village of two thousand inhabitants, but growing, and that, despite the small size, has a hospital with an active surgical ward, a hostel with thirty working rooms managed by the curia of Potenza, a former prison, a golf professional football, a high-quality wine production, but also a clinic for eating disorders known throughout the peninsula. The National
TG3 has been involved in Chiaromonte. Gianni Romano, the journalist who made the investigation in the footsteps of Banfield, settled here for six months and also won a prize. "But even from this representation we Chiaromontesi not we have come out very well," says Vozzi. "Here there is more static than once." Another
Chiaromonte, in fact.
Far from the days spent at the public wash-house, the only place in the '50s, where you can wash clothes with water, and also where Laura Fasano Banfield's wife, went to chat with other women in the country. He tells Dina Damiano, 74, wife of Joseph peaches. At home they do not throw anything away, every object has a precise memory. And among the books, peep photos of their wedding. In a show a boy. "Do you know who is this? We believe it is the deputy editor of Panorama, Pino Buongiorno, that day the church was an altar boy. He was born and raised in Chiaromonte but now is no longer here, ended all contact with us. "
PROJECT
United combat anorexia
RR
Chiaromonte (POWER) - It's called "Joy Center" and cure the body of girls and young mothers from the philosophy of the here and now "to rebuild the present. But for those who begin to fight bulimia and anorexia is a job that starts from the soul, even before the body, "because even though here they give us the means to deal with the company, does not change the outside, you change "says a young patient with the decision of the center. In what was a disused hospital now reigns color: walls, doors, furniture of the bedrooms. They live in thirty, for a minimum period of three months and a maximum of six. And who has already passed the first few weeks care, is to welcome newcomers. So far the center, a regional point of reference for the treatment of behavioral disorders and weight of food, took care of 300 patients. The Centre "Joy" Chiaromonte exists since 2006 and four years were enough to make a frame of reference for the whole of South Italy but also for the North. Together at the center of Todi, in Umbria, to Chiaromonte, is among the few facilities in Italy in full by the National Health System. The property is financed by the Basilicata Region, the ASL and the Fondazione Stella Maris Mediterranean "Onlus. "The girls, the ladies who come to us they just need authorization from the ASL reference, "says Mario Mirra, a former medical director of ASL Lagonegro, now deleted, and now a doctor in the second Asl Napoli. It is he who is born with the center "Joy."
"Since I was talking to me in 2005, John Gioia, a father of a girl that Luke has suffered from anorexia and was treated in Switzerland," he says. "He fought hard and with great enthusiasm to open this center. The desperation of this dignified person, unfortunately died of a heart attack, prompted me to undertake the project. When he died we decided to honor the memory of a father who fought for the health of his daughter, who today is good. " The center is diretto da Rosa Trabace e svolge attività multidisciplinari: attività di rilassamento fisico, musicoterapia, pittura , scultura, ippoterapia. Si avvale di specialisti come pediatri, medici nutrizionisti, dietisti, psichiatri e psicologi. Anche l’ex ministro alla Sanità, Livia Turco, ha vistato il centro. «La sua presenza sarebbe dovuta durare pochi minuti e invece è rimasta con noi alcune ore.
Tra abbracci e racconti di vita anche l’allora ministro si commosse». Sembrano fragili a vederle la prima volta, eppure a sentirle parlare dimostrano il contrario. E una di loro sfata il mito della magrezza in tv, fra le cause dell’anoressia. «Certo può influire - dice - ma in minima parte perchè è the psychological and psychiatric ones most concerned. In reality we lived behind and ways of thinking wrong, but this is not the crucial point. Rather than stop talking about their difficulties because, as a result, you take it with your body. "
Among the objectives of the center's research but also to start a rehabilitation ward Algology and a residence for children and adolescents suffering from autism spectrum syndrome. "In any case, already at the point where we are," concludes Mirra "We can say we have defeated Banfield."
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